World J Nephrol Urol

World Journal of Nephrology and Urology, ISSN 1927-1239 print, 1927-1247 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Nephrol Urol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://wjnu.elmerpub.com

Case Report

Volume 000, Number 000, September 2026, pages 000-000

Acute Kidney Injury Following the Use of a Hair-Straightening Product

Tables

↓ **Table 1.** Clinical Timeline
Event	Clinical course
Hair-straightening treatment	According to the patient’s report, hair-straightening treatment was performed using a commercially available product Black Diamond^®.
Symptom onset	Abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, and asthenia
Intensive care admission	Initial hospitalization
Nephrology admission	Transfer to nephrology department
Diagnosis	Severe acute kidney injury
Treatment	Intravenous isotonic saline hydration
Follow-up	Progressive renal recovery
Outcome	Complete recovery of kidney function

↓ **Table 2.** Laboratory Findings at Admission
Parameter	Result	Reference range
Serum creatinine	492 µmol/L (5.56 mg/dL)	50–98 µmol/L
Blood urea	14.7 mmol/L	2.5–7.5 mmol/L
C-reactive protein	80.63 mg/L	< 5 mg/L
Hemoglobin	12.8 g/dL	12–16 g/dL
White blood cells	10.35 × 10⁹/L	4–10 × 10⁹/L
Sodium	137 mmol/L	136–145 mmol/L
Potassium	3.9 mmol/L	3.5–5.1 mmol/L
Albumin	41 g/L	35–50 g/L
Calcium	2.22 mmol/L	2.15–2.55 mmol/L
Lipase	43 U/L	< 60 U/L
Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio	0.19 g/g	< 0.15 g/g
Leukocytes (urine)	1 × 10³/mL	< 10 × 10³/mL
Erythrocytes (urine)	3 × 10³/mL	< 10 × 10³/mL
Urinary casts	Absent	Absent
Urinary crystals	Absent	Absent
Urine culture	No bacterial growth	—

↓ **Table 3.** Recovery of Kidney Function
Follow-up	Time after hair-straightening procedure	Serum creatinine
Hospital admission	4 days	492 µmol/L (5.56 mg/dL)
Hospital discharge	11 days	146 µmol/L (1.65 mg/dL)
First outpatient follow-up	19 days	117 µmol/L (1.32 mg/dL)
Final follow-up	26 days	88 µmol/L (0.99 mg/dL)